著者

橋川 俊樹 Toshiki Hashikawa

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.125-144, 2013-03

---

Sanshiro, the eponymous main character of Soseki Natsume's novel MSanshiro" was a freshman in the Department of English at Tokyo Imperial University. This paper explores whether, if he had actually carried out his lifelong aim of learning, especially English literature, what kind of Anglicist he would have been.In Chapter 1: MThe future to be a famous scholar". I consider Sanshiro's ideal scholar.In Chapter 2: M Department of English in the Faculty of Literature in 1907", I consider the situation in the Department of English of Tokyo Imperial University in September 1907. At that time. Soseki and Bin Ueda resigned as lecturers and John Laurence (1850-1916) became the head of the Department of English. I discuss these circumstances with a focus on Soseki. who was treated coldly, and the situation of students in the Department of English.In Chapter 3: MThe Time of fohn Laurence", I present Laurence's career as the head of Department of English and his contribution to Tokyo University, and make referral to the work that which illustrate his figure and character his lectures. His biggest accomplishment was to cultivate followers of his learning. I focus on one of them, and consider the competition between Sanki Ichikawa and Takeshi Saito for professorship in Chapter 4: M Tsutomu Chiba and the Department of English after Laurence's death". In this chapter, Yaeko Nogami's novel M Assistant Professor B." the main character which was modeled on Chiba, is also considered.In Chapter 5: M What kind an Anglicist would Sanshiro be?", I sum up the whole paper.

著者

Vaios Vaiopoulos

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.125-135, 2011-03

著者

立松 美也子 Miyako Tatematsu

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.97-112, 2013-03

---

Nationality is a legal bond between a person and a State. In 1923. the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) held that the questions of nationality were in principle within the domestic jurisdiction of States (Nationality Decrees Issued in Tunis and Morocco 24). It is said that a State has discretion to decide the members of its community. It has been almost 90 years since this case. Since World War II. many international human right treaties have been adopted. so the author has the impression that the state's domestic jurisdiction would have been affected by these treaties. This paper shows that the area of Nationality was affected by the UN human rights treaties' provisions . First. the right to Nationality was established. and from this right, the States should take measures to avoid the occurrence of stateless people. In addition, the principle of equality of the sexes and the principle of non-discrimination affected the state's administration of Nationality. It is still uncertain that the state's discretion was limited by the human rights treaties. However. it can be said that the evolution of human rights treaties had certain effects on Nationality.

著者

寺地 功次 Koji Terachi

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.105-118, 2021-03

---

This paper is the final part of the author’s study on U.S. involvement in Laos from the end of World War II through the middle of the 1960s. It reviews U.S. policy toward Laos during this period and examines the numerous setbacks and failures that the U.S. had experienced in executing its policy in Laos.U.S. policy toward Laos was characterized by the following features: overemphasis on internal security with abundant military assistance to Laos, lop-sided reliance on the Lao military in influencing the conflict with the communist and neutralist forces and, subsequently, disregard for the democratic process in Laos. The U.S. freely intervened in the internal affairs of Laos, and supported military coups against the civilian government and the rightist military faction in the Laotian civil war. However, the U.S. never succeeded in maintaining the anti-communist conservative government it favored in Laos.The U.S. experienced its successive failures in Laos before its military involvement in Vietnam bogged down in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. The U.S. withdrew its military personnel from Laos when an international agreement on the “neutralization” of Laos was achieved in Geneva in 1962. However, the U.S. began its air war against the communist Pathet Lao force and the Ho Chi Minh Trail within Laos in the middle of 1964 before it started its extensive bombing campaign in Vietnam in 1965. The U.S. involvement in Laos followed the path of an “intervention, failure and withdrawal” pattern, which was to be repeated tragically in Vietnam. The U.S. involvement in Laos could be regarded as a prelude to its involvement in Vietnam.

著者

橋川 俊樹 Toshiki Hashikawa

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.149-172, 2018-03

---

This is the essay about Soseki Natsume's stepfather, Shigekazu Nakane. In December 1895, Soseki-his real name was Kin-nosuke Natsume-met Kyoko Nakane in an arranged marriage meeting at the official residence of the Chief Secretary of the House of Peers in Uchisaiwaicho, Tokyo. Her father Shigekazu had hald position of Chief Secretary of the House of Peers since February the previous year. He was at the height of his career.As Soseki described in "Michikusa" (1915), when He returned from England in 1903, Nakane was extremely impoverished and could not afford even an overcoat. He had no work and had heavy debts from a big loss which he had suffered on the stock market.Soseki had a bad relationship with his stepfather. He did not even attend his funeral when he died in 1906. But Soseki was more or less under the influence of Nakane.Basic information on Nakane "Soseki no Omoide (The memory of Soseki)" which was dictated by Kyoko Natsume and written by Yuzuru Matsuoka, but it does not tell much about him. This essay made a thorough investigation about him.In 1851, Nakane was born at the edo-hantei (residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo) of Fukuyama-han at Nishikata-machi, Tokyo. At the time of the Meiji restoration (1868), his family moved to Fukuyama in Hiroshima Pref.. Fukuyama-han ran schools named Seishikan in both Edo and Fukuyama. This essay reports the education Nakane received at both schools.Second, Nakane enrolled in the Igakko (now the University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine,). However, his purpose was not to be a doctor but to study German. This essay describes about the medical education and German language education at the school, and his life in the dormitory.Finally, Nakane left the Igakko after two years and worked for Tokyo Shojakukan (now the National Diet Library) from 1875 to 1877. The essay conjectures about Nakane's work here.Investigating Nakane's life provides meaningful study of a man who lived in the Meiji era.

著者

加藤 美紀 Miki Kato

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.149-163, 2014-03

---

This paper proposes a reform of Japanese language education, especially for the field called Kambun. The term Kambun literally means Chinese writing, but it traditionally has a particular meaning in Japan. Classical Chinese literature was the most important culture artifact for Japanese until the 19th century and was read with a unique translation method called Kundoku. In Japan, Kambun usually means original classical Chinese literature, writings which were written in ancient Chinese by Japanese, and texts translated by the Kundoku method. The problem is that we have not found the best way of teaching Kambun for today's students. Instead of Chinese culture, Western culture came to occupy the most important position after the Meiji Restoration in Japan. We have to establish a new way of Kambun education fitting the new era. This paper examines today's Kambun education and makes two proposals for reforms as below; 1. Not to use the original text written in ancient Chinese as teaching material. 2. To exploit Kambun education to teach Japanese language characters and their history. These proposals would surely improve not only Kambun teaching, but also Japanese language education.

著者

佐藤 雄一 Yuichi Sato

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.161-177, 2013-03

---

Noun predicate sentences with the structure "A wa B da" can be classified into different types according to the relationship in meaning between the subject noun and the predicate noun. The predicate noun generally indicates characteristics and properties of the subject noun. Sometimes it identifies the subject noun or describes the action of the subject noun. When the Japanese corpus (BCCWJ: The Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese) was examined. the relative frequency of each type of noun predicate sentence became clear. Among the noun predicate sentences "A wa B da", 51% of predicate nouns indicate characteristics and properties of the subject noun. 26% of predicate nouns identify the subject noun, 15% of predicate nouns indicate the state of the subject noun. and 3% of predicate nouns describe the action of the subject noun. This shows that the noun predicate sentence "A wa B da" turns to have links to the adjective predicate sentence and the verb predicate sentence.

著者

寺尾 範野 Hanno Terao

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, pp.89-105, 2018-03

---

This paper attempts to clarify in what ways eugenicist thinkers in late 19th and early 20th century Britain justified the segregation of people with mild intellectual disability (then called the "feeble-minded") into specialized institutions. For this purpose, the discourse of main eugenicist thinkers at that time, such as Karl Pearson, Alfred Tredgold, Sidney Webb, and Mary Dendy, is explored. It is found that, in addition to using "hard" discourse, which emphasized the threat of the feeble-minded to British society and insisted on prohibiting their marriage and reproduction, they also often used "soft" discourse, which justified segregated institutions as ideal places for providing the feeble-minded with humanitarian care and for realizing their happiness. The paper concludes that such "soft" discourse could be even more influential than "hard" discourse at the time the Mental Deficiency Act was enacted in 1913.

著者

加藤 美紀 Miki Kato

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.153-167, 2015-03

---

This paper discusses how to create effective Kambun education in the Japanese elementary school. The school course guidelines which are drawn up by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology were revised in 2008. One of the remarkable changes in the revision is that classical literature education is stressed. In 2011, elementary schools introduced new content, that is Kobun(classical Japanese literature)and Kambun(classical Chinese literature which is read by a particular translation method called Kundoku). The revision says that the main focus of the classical literature education is reading aloud and feeling the rhythm of the classical sentences. However, it is not clear that what the rhythm is and what students can learn. This paper examines the guidelines and suggests that effective Kambun learning should take a new approach to language education, instead of simply reading aloud.

著者

西村 史子 Fumiko Nishimura

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.117-130, 2016-03

---

The purpose of this study is to make it clear how homeschoolers can get the financial assistance from the government in the U.S., focusing on the state tax deduction and tax credit. Only in four states, Minnesota, Illinoi, Louisiana and Indiana, the home schooling families are benefited from the income tax breaks for their education expenses. These states have a couple of characteristics in common. The first is the state church separation clause does not have the sentences to prohibit the tax allowance for the education expenses. The second is 'homeschool' is defined as private school in the state laws. Finally the federal supreme court decisions have tended to support the state financial aid policies such as school vouchers to the k-12 students who choose private or sectarian schools. Based on these cases, there occurs possibilities for the parents who homeschool their children, to get the federal income tax deduction, one of which is known as "Educator Expense Deduction" in the IRC. The teachers working for the public or private schools certified by the states have been eligible for this deduction since 2002. Although the HSLDA has lobbied in the Congress and the Senate, the federal government never admits the homeschoolers can get it.

著者

平石(稲木) 妙子 Taeko Inagi Hiraishi

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.111-122, 2015-03

---

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Issei fathers in Hisaye Yamamoto's two stories, "The Brown House" and "Las Vegas Charlie." In her stories, Yamamoto dramatizes the struggles of Issei fathers and mothers in her earlier stories. The Issei mothers are the victims of their Issei husbands, who repress their wives with traditional Japanese gender codes. Yamamoto describes such Issei males with irony and sometimes with derision, while she shows her compassion for the unfruitful rebellion of the Issei women.However, it should be noted that Yamamoto shows a different view of Issei fathers in "The Brown House" and "Las Vegas Charlie." The two stories are similar in the way they depict the male protagonists. They are compulsive gamblers and become losers. In addition to that, instead of using a sensitive girl as she does in her earlier stories, Yamamoto adopts a narratie voice, which is objective and detached, in the two stories. With the use of such a narrative style, she reveals that the decline of the two fathers is caused not only by their inner weakness but also by the social marginalizationcaused by racial prejudice and discrimination against Japanese immigrants. Particulaly in "Las Vegas Charlie," Yamamoto reveals that the internment during the WWII was an utter blow to the Issei by summarizing the entire span of the Issei history into the 1950s.It is often pointed out that father figures in the stories of Yamamoto are normally presented in a negative light, but reading "The Brown House" and "Las Vegas Charlie" will lead us to recognize that Yamamoto's view of Issei fathers is not always critical and ironical but more complicated and ambivalent.

著者

水之江 郁子 Ikuko Mizunoe

雑誌

共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 = The Kyoritsu journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.69-86, 2011-03